Feasibility and acceptability of an innovative adherence intervention for young adults with childhood-onset systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Background In Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (cSLE), poor medication adherence rates are very high. Interventions targeting this problem in cSLE are limited thus effective interventions are needed. The objective of this study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability an intervention (automated digital reminders + personalized prescribed treatment plan (pPTP)) to improve medication adherence in young adults with cSLE over 3 months. Method This is a proof-of-concept randomized controlled study. All participants received SimpleMed+ pillboxes that track adherence. The treatment group received a pPTP, and in month 2, preselected digital reminders for missed doses. Reminders were discontinued after 30 days and adherence data collected. Data analysis was done using t-tests. Results Twenty-one participants were approached and nineteen consented to participate, yielding a recruitment rate of 86%. Participants were on average 20.5 years, mostly black (58%) and female (84%). Of the nineteen consented, eleven were randomized to control (57%) and eight to treatment (42%) groups respectively. All participants in the treatment group rated the pillbox as easy to use, notably; none reported boredom with the pillbox or reminders. Also, 88% of participants in the treatment group rated the pillbox as helpful, however, only 50% reported the pPTP taught them new information about lupus or made them more interested in their lupus management. Conclusions This is the first use of an electronic pillbox to track adherence to multiple medications in cSLE. The high rating of the pillbox makes it an acceptable method of measuring adherence. Feasibility and acceptability ratings for the intervention were mixed suggesting a there is a subset of cSLE patients for whom this intervention would be beneficial. Future research should focus on a larger trial.