Haploidentical donor transplant is associated with secondary poor graft function after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A single-center retrospective study

Background Secondary poor graft function (sPGF) is a serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) related to poor outcome. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the morbidity and hazard elements of sPGF after allo-HSCT. Methods Eight hundred and sixty-three patients who achieved initial engraftment of both neutrophils and platelets were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Results Fifty-two patients developed sPGF within 180 days post-transplants, with the median onset time was 62 days (range, 34-121 days) post-transplants. The overall cumulative incidence of sPGF within 180 days post-transplantation was 6.0%, with 3.4%, 3.4%, and 10.1%, respectively, in matched sibling donor (MSD), matched unrelated donor (MUD), and haploidentical donor (HID) transplant (p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that HID (HID vs. MSD: hazard ratio [HR] 2.525, p = 0.004; HID vs. MUD: [HR] 3.531, p = 0.017), acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) within +30 days ([HR] 2.323, p = 0.003), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation ([HR] 8.915, p < 0.0001) within +30 days post-transplants were hazard elements of sPGF. The patients with sPGF had poorer survival than good graft function (51.7 +/- 8.1% vs. 62.9 +/- 1.9%, p < 0.0001). Our results also showed that only CMV reactivation was the hazard element for the development of PGF in HID transplant ([HR] 12.521 p < 0.0001). Conclusion HID transplant is also an independent hazard element of sPGF except for aGVHD and CMV reactivation.