Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States

被引:605
作者
Weiskopf, Sarah R. [1 ]
Rubenstein, Madeleine A. [1 ]
Crozier, Lisa G. [2 ]
Gaichas, Sarah [3 ]
Griffis, Roger [4 ]
Halofsky, Jessica E. [5 ]
Hyde, Kimberly J. W. [6 ]
Morelli, Toni Lyn [7 ]
Morisette, Jeffrey T. [8 ]
Munoz, Roldan C. [9 ]
Pershing, Andrew J. [10 ]
Peterson, David L. [5 ]
Poudel, Rajendra [11 ]
Staudinger, Michelle D. [7 ]
Sutton-Grier, Ariana E. [12 ]
Thompson, Laura [1 ]
Vose, James [13 ]
Weltzinn, Jake F. [14 ]
Whyte, Kyle Powys [15 ]
机构
[1] US Geol Survey, Natl Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr, 959 Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 22092 USA
[2] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA
[3] NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA
[4] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA
[5] Univ Washington, Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[6] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI USA
[7] US Geol Survey, Northeast Climate Adaptat Sci Ctr, Amherst, MA USA
[8] US Dept Interior, Natl Invas Species Council Secretariat, Ft Collins, CO USA
[9] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC USA
[10] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA
[11] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA
[12] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA
[13] US Forest Serv, Southern Res Stn, Raleigh, NC USA
[14] US Geol Survey, Ft Collins, CO USA
[15] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA
关键词
Global change; Biodiversity; Ecosystems; Ecosystem services; Natural resource management; BODY-SIZE; CHARACTERIZE EVOLUTIONARY; TROPHIC AMPLIFICATION; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; DISTRIBUTION SHIFTS; PLASTIC RESPONSES; RANGE SHIFTS; HUMAN HEALTH; MARINE TAXA;
D O I
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137782
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Climate change is a pervasive and growing global threat to biodiversity and ecosystems. Here, we present the most up-to-date assessment of climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services in the U.S. and implications for natural resource management. We draw from the 4th National Climate Assessment to summarize observed and projected changes to ecosystems and biodiversity, explore linkages to important ecosystem services, and discuss associated challenges and opportunities for natural resource management. We find that species are responding to climate change through changes in morphology and behavior, phenology, and geographic range shifts, and these changes are mediated by plastic and evolutionary responses. Responses by species and populations, combined with direct effects of climate change on ecosystems (including more extreme events), are resulting in widespread changes in productivity, species interactions, vulnerability to biological invasions, and other emergent properties. Collectively, these impacts alter the benefits and services that natural ecosystems can provide to society. Although not all impacts are negative, even positive changes can require costly societal adjustments. Natural resource managers need proactive, flexible adaptation strategies that consider historical and future outlooks to minimize costs over the long term. Many organizations are beginning to explore these approaches, but implementation is not yet prevalent or systematic across the nation.
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页数:18
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