Retrospective analysis of factors associated with aortic remodeling in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Objective Acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), together with optimized medical treatment, is currently the first line treatment for acute Stanford type B aortic dissection. TEVAR can close the entry tear and reduce mortality. Aortic remodeling after TEVAR can directly affect the patient's long-term prognosis. The factors that influence aortic remodeling have, however, received insufficient clinical attention and remain unclear. It is very important to identify these factors. Methods A total of 100 patients were continuously enrolled from 2011 to 2018 in 2 centers. Relevant data, including time from hospital admission to surgery, medicine use and aortic computed tomography angiography images obtained before and 6 months after surgery were collected. Patients were divided into favorable and adverse aortic remodeling groups, according to the degree of aortic remodeling. Analysis of variance and the chi-square test were performed using SPSS software to compare differences between groups and to determine the factors that influence postoperative aortic remodeling. Results The proportion of single-stent implantations was higher in the favorable remodeling group than in the adverse remodeling group (79.5% vs. 53.8% in distal end of stent-graft level and 81.3% vs. 56.4% in diaphragm level, respectively, p < 0.05). The earlier the TEVAR procedure was performed, the better the aortic remodeling (3.4 days vs. 4.8 days in distal stent graft levels, and 3.6 days vs. 4.9 days in diaphragm level, respectively, p < 0.05), the presence of residual distal entry tears in the abdominal aorta also improved aortic remodeling after TEVAR (85.7% vs. 55.1% in the celiac trunk level, and 92.0% vs. 48.9% in the right renal artery level, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion Single stent-graft implantation and early surgery were associated with favorable aortic remodeling. Distal entry tears were also conducive to aortic remodeling after surgery for aortic dissection.