A NEW MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD TECHNIQUE FOR RECONSTRUCTING COSMIC-RAY ANISOTROPY AT ALL ANGULAR SCALES

被引：17

作者：

Ahlers, M. ^{[1
,2
]}

BenZvi, S. Y. ^{[3
]}

Desiati, P. ^{[1
,2
]}

Diaz-Velez, J. C. ^{[1
,2
,4
]}

Fiorino, D. W. ^{[1
,2
,5
]}

Westerhoff, S. ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Wisconsin, WIPAC, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[2] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[3] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA

[4] Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Valles, Guadalajara 44130, Jalisco, Mexico

[5] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2016年 / 823卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

cosmic rays; methods: data analysis; reference systems; AIR-SHOWER ARRAY; MILAGRO HOT-SPOTS; ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS; TEV ENERGIES; INTENSITY; SUPERNOVA; ASTRONOMY; ICECUBE; SEARCH;

D O I：

10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/10

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The arrival directions of TeV-PeV cosmic rays show weak but significant anisotropies with relative intensities at the level of one per mille. Due to the smallness of the anisotropies, quantitative studies require careful disentanglement of detector effects from the observation. We discuss an iterative maximum-likelihood reconstruction that simultaneously fits cosmic-ray anisotropies and detector acceptance. The method does not rely on detector simulations and provides an optimal anisotropy reconstruction for ground-based cosmic-ray observatories located in the middle latitudes. It is particularly well suited to the recovery of the dipole anisotropy, which is a crucial observable for the study of cosmic-ray diffusion in our Galaxy. We also provide general analysis methods for recovering large- and small-scale anisotropies that take into account systematic effects of the observation by ground-based detectors.

引用

页数：10

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