Comparison of volume-controlled and pressure-controlled ventilation during laparoscopic gastric banding in morbidly obese patients

Background There are no guidelines on ventilation modes in morbidly obese patients. We investigated the effects of volume-controlled (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and cardiovascular responses in laparoscopic gastric banding procedures. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, 24 adult consenting patients scheduled for laparoscopic gastric banding were studied. Anesthesia was standardized using remifentanil, propofol, rocuronium, and sevoflurane. All patients started with VCV with a tidal volume of 10 ml kg(-1) ideal body weight, respiratory rate adjusted to obtain an end-tidal carbon dioxide of 35-40 mmHg, positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cmH(2)O, an inspiratory pause of 10% and an inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1:2. Fifteen minutes after pneumoperitoneum, the patients were randomly allocated to two groups. In Group VCV (n=12), ventilation was with the same parameters. In Group PCV (n=12), the airway pressure was set to provide a tidal volume of 10 ml kg(-1) ideal body weight without exceeding 35 cm H(2)O. Respiratory rate was adjusted to keep an end-tidal carbon dioxide of 35-40 mmHg. Arterial blood samples were drawn after surgical positioning and 15 min after allocation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Results With constant minute ventilation, VCV generates equal airway pressures and cardiovascular effects with a lower Pa(CO2) as compared to PCV (42.5 (5.2) mmHg versus 48.9 (4.3) mmHg, p < 0.01 ANOVA). Arterial oxygenation remained unchanged. Conclusion VCV and PCV appear to be an equally suited ventilatory technique for laparoscopic procedures in morbidly obese patients. Carbon dioxide elimination is more efficient when using VCV.