Recent developments in electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions for ion sensing

Ion transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions allows the non-redox electrochemical detection of ions ranging from protons to macromolecules such as proteins. New electrochemical methods and analytical procedures have been developed in recent years to achieve limits of detection of from mu M down to tens of pM for ion sensing in biomedical diagnostics and in environmental monitoring. This article reviews the developments of the period 2010-2015.