Combined effect of menopause age and genotype on occurrence of breast cancer risk in Pakistani population

Cancer incidences and mortality rates are rapidly increasing and breast cancer is among the most frequent malignancy experienced in women worldwide. The occurrence of breast cancer could be associated with various social, cultural, environmental, life-style, hormonal and genetic factors. Objective: To establish if Pvull and Xbal polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha would make Pakistani women more susceptible to breast cancer. Furthermore, association between breast cancer and various factors was also explored to establish the contributing factors in breast cancer in Pakistani population. Subjects and methods: Two hundred samples, aged 15-65 years, consisting of 100 breast cancer patients and 100 control samples were ascertained for this case-control study in order to evaluate the factors related to disease incidence. 5-7 ml of blood sample of each participating women in the study was collected and analyzed for polymorphisms of Pvull and Xbal using PCR-RFLP method. Results: The menopause had strong influence on incidences of cancer with ca 18-fold increase in risk of breast cancer in women with menopause compared with non-menopaused. Furthermore significant impact of menopause age (P < 0.0001) was observed on the incidence of cancer, as high rate of cancer incidence was observed in patients with age between 36 and 45 years (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the genotype Xbal had significant influence on the incidence of the disease with heterozygous genotype of Xbal was 45% higher than wild type in cancerous cases. The menopausal women having heterozygous and homozygous mutants of Pvull or Xbal genotypes were strongly correlated with breast cancer (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The polymorphism of genes involving estrogen-metabolizing pathway and estrogen receptor pathway may play an important role in the etiology of breast cancer in Pakistani women. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.