The Clinical Role of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 in Evaluating Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Purpose Hyperlipidemia is the most important early atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) indicator. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3, 4, and 8 are lipid dysfunction markers that may be linked to CAD. We investigated whether these circulating ANGPTLs are associated with CAD in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods A total of 327 individuals participated in this study: 221 patients with OSA and CAD, 50 patients with OSA alone, and 56 controls. The Gensini Score was used to assess the severity of CAD. Serum ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 were measured in all subjects using Human Magnetic Luminex Screening Assay. The independent association between levels of ANGPTLs and CAD was evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. Results Serum ANGPTL3 levels were significantly higher in patients suffering from OSA and CAD compared with patients having OSA alone (46.97 +/- 13.89 vs 38.25 +/- 15.94 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated that ANGPTL3 was a risk factor for CAD (OR = 1.72/10 ng ANGPTL3, 95% CI, 1.29-2.28, P < 0.001). In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that ANGPTL3 was independently associated with the presence of CAD (OR = 1.74/10 ng ANGPTL3, 95% CI, 1.29-2.35, P < 0.001) even after adjusting for cofounding factors. Furthermore, circulating ANGPTL3 levels were positively associated with triglyceride (r = 0.16, P = 0.01) and total cholesterol (r = 0.14, P = 0.02) levels, while ANGPTL3 levels had no significant correlation with the severity of CAD. No significant associations were found between the levels of ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 and CAD even after adjusting for established risk factors. Conclusion Elevated levels of ANGPTL3 were independently associated with a higher likelihood of CAD in patients with OSA. It may be a novel biomarker for OSA patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.