Intravascular Ultrasound-Assisted Endovascular Treatment of Mesenteric Malperfusion in a Multichannel Aortic Dissection With Full True Lumen Collapse

Purpose: To describe endovascular treatment of mesenteric malperfusion in a multichannel aortic dissection (MCAD) with full true lumen (TL) collapse following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Case Report: A 54-year-old man presented with chronic mesenteric ischemia and a previous TEVAR for MCAD complicated by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) malperfusion. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) demonstrated a 3-channel aortic dissection with a "false-true-false" configuration. The SMA was malperfused through the collapsed TL. CTA also showed a secondary entry tear, measuring 18 mm in diameter, at the end of the previous endograft. Direct open surgery or endovascular revascularization of the SMA was not feasible. A plan was devised to improve SMA perfusion by increasing the TL inflow. With the assistance of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), an endograft was placed through one false lumen in the abdominal aorta and through the TL in the descending thoracic aorta to seal the secondary entry tear. Symptoms of mesenteric ischemia resolved 2 days after the procedure. At 1 year, he is asymptomatic, has gained weight, and has improved SMA perfusion and remodeling of the 3-channel dissection on CTA. Conclusion: IVUS imaging can help evaluate the complex hemodynamics of MCAD. Patient-specific endovascular treatment of MCAD with mesenteric malperfusion seems to be a feasible bailout alternative treatment for urgent, complex cases without reconstruction options.