Direct detection of the Enceladus water torus with Herschel

被引：60

作者：

Hartogh, P. ^{[1
]}

Lellouch, E. ^{[2
]}

Moreno, R. ^{[2
]}

Bockelee-Morvan, D. ^{[2
]}

Biver, N. ^{[2
]}

Cassidy, T. ^{[3
]}

Rengel, M. ^{[1
]}

Jarchow, C. ^{[1
]}

Cavalie, T. ^{[4
]}

Crovisier, J. ^{[2
]}

Helmich, F. P. ^{[5
]}

Kidger, M. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Max Planck Inst Sonnensyst Forsch, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany

[2] Observ Paris, LESIA, F-92195 Meudon, France

[3] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA

[4] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux,UMR 5804, Bordeaux, France

[5] Univ Groningen, SRON, Groningen, Netherlands

[6] European Space Astron Ctr, Herschel Sci Ctr, Madrid, Spain

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2011年 / 532卷

关键词：

planets and satellites: individual: Saturn; planets and satellites: individual: Enceladus; techniques: spectroscopic; submillimetre: planetary system; SATURNS ATMOSPHERE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; VAPOR; JUPITER; ORIGIN; PLUME; STRATOSPHERE; ASTRONOMY; EMISSION; SYSTEM;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/201117377

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Cryovolcanic activity near the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus produces plumes of H2O-dominated gases and ice particles, which escape and populate a torus-shaped cloud. Using submillimeter spectroscopy with Herschel, we report the direct detection of the Enceladus water vapor torus in four rotational lines of water at 557, 987, 1113, and 1670 GHz, and probe its physical conditions and structure. We determine line-of-sight H2O column densities of similar to 4 x 10(13) cm(-2) near the equatorial plane, with a similar to 50 000 km vertical scale height. The water torus appears to be rotationally cold (e.g. an excitation temperature of 16 K is measured for the 1113 GHz line) but dynamically excited, with non-Keplerian dispersion velocities of similar to 2 kms(-1), and appears to be largely shaped by molecular collisions. From estimates of the influx rates of torus material into Saturn and Titan, we infer that Enceladus' activity is likely to be the ultimate source of water in the upper atmosphere of Saturn, but not in Titan's.

引用

页数：6

共 39 条

[1] Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite observations of Jupiter and Saturn:: Detection of 557 GHz water emission from the upper atmosphere [J].

Bergin, EA ;

Lellouch, E ;

Harwit, M ;

Gurwell, MA ;

Melnick, GJ ;

Ashby, MLN ;

Chin, G ;

Erickson, NR ;

Goldsmith, PF ;

Howe, JE ;

Kleiner, SC ;

Koch, DG ;

Neufeld, DA ;

Patten, BM ;

Plume, R ;

Schieder, R ;

Snell, RL ;

Stauffer, JR ;

Tolls, V ;

Wang, Z ;

Winnewisser, G ;

Zhang, YF .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2000, 539 (02) :L147-L150

[2] Carbon monoxide on Jupiter:: Evidence for both internal and external sources [J].

Bézard, B ;

Lellouch, E ;

Strobel, D ;

Maillard, JP ;

Drossart, P .

ICARUS, 2002, 159 (01) :95-111

[3]

BOCKELEEMORVAN D, 1989, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V216, P278

[4] Collisional spreading of Enceladus' neutral cloud [J].

Cassidy, T. A. ;

Johnson, R. E. .

ICARUS, 2010, 209 (02) :696-703

[5] A cometary origin for CO in the stratosphere of Saturn? [J].

Cavalie, T. ;

Hartogh, P. ;

Billebaud, F. ;

Dobrijevic, M. ;

Fouchet, T. ;

Lellouch, E. ;

Encrenaz, T. ;

Brillet, J. ;

Moriarty-Schieven, G. H. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2010, 510

[6]

Coustenis A, 1998, ASTRON ASTROPHYS, V336, pL85

[7] The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) [J].

De Graauw, Th. ;

Helmich, F. P. ;

Phillips, T. G. ;

Stutzki, J. ;

Caux, E. ;

Whyborn, N. D. ;

Dieleman, P. ;

Roelfsema, P. R. ;

Aarts, H. ;

Assendorp, R. ;

Bachiller, R. ;

Baechtold, W. ;

Barcia, A. ;

Beintema, D. A. ;

Belitsky, V. ;

Benz, A. O. ;

Bieber, R. ;

Boogert, A. ;

Borys, C. ;

Bumble, B. ;

Cais, P. ;

Caris, M. ;

Cerulli-Irelli, P. ;

Chattopadhyay, G. ;

Cherednichenko, S. ;

Ciechanowicz, M. ;

Coeur-Joly, O. ;

Comito, C. ;

Cros, A. ;

de Jonge, A. ;

de Lange, G. ;

Delforges, B. ;

Delorme, Y. ;

den Boggende, T. ;

Desbat, J. -M. ;

Diez-Gonzalez, C. ;

Di Giorgio, A. M. ;

Dubbeldam, L. ;

Edwards, K. ;

Eggens, M. ;

Erickson, N. ;

Evers, J. ;

Fich, M. ;

Finn, T. ;

Franke, B. ;

Gaier, T. ;

Gal, C. ;

Gao, J. R. ;

Gallego, J. -D. ;

Gauffre, S. .

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, 2010, 518

[8] Ultraviolet Imaging Spectroscopy shows an active saturnian system [J].

Esposito, LW ;

Colwell, JE ;

Larsen, K ;

McClintock, WE ;

Stewart, AIF ;

Hallett, JT ;

Shemansky, DE ;

Ajello, JM ;

Hansen, CJ ;

Hendrix, AR ;

West, RA ;

Keller, HU ;

Korth, A ;

Pryor, WR ;

Reulke, R ;

Yung, YL .

SCIENCE, 2005, 307 (5713) :1251-1255

[9]

Farmer A. J., 2009, ICARUS, V149, P384

[10] External supply of oxygen to the atmospheres of the giant planets [J].

Feuchtgruber, H ;

Lellouch, E ;

deGraauw, T ;

Bezard, B ;

Encrenaz, T ;

Griffin, M .

NATURE, 1997, 389 (6647) :159-162

← 1 2 3 4 →