Prevalence and Risk Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome among Chinese Adults in a Rural Community of Shanghai in China

Aims The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in an adult Chinese population living in a rural community. We also aimed to determine the predictive diagnostic value of the 4-item screening questionnaire for RLS in this population. Methods This study was designed as a 2-phase survey. In phase 1 we performed a face-to-face interview of eligible individuals living in a rural community in Shanghai using a 4-item screening questionnaire. In phase 2, sleep specialists performed a phone interview of the individuals who screened positive to diagnosis RLS. Results Forty-one RLS cases were confirmed among 2941 eligible individuals 18 years of age or older in the study community. The prevalence of RLS was 1.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-1.9%), with a significantly higher rate observed in females (1.9%[95% CI = 1.3-2.7%]) than that in males (0.9% [95% CI = 0.5-1.5%], p=0.019). The prevalence rate increased significantly with age, from 0.2%(95% CI = 0.08-0.6%) in those 18-39 years old to 4.1% (95% CI = 2.1-7.9%) in those >= 70 years old (p<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gastritis, anemia and hypertension were risk factors for RLS. The sensitivity and specificity of the 4-itemscreening questionnaire used in this study were 63.4% and 97.5%, respectively. Conclusion RLS prevalence is relatively low among Chinese adults living in rural Shanghai. Furthermore, population-based studies with a larger sample size and a longitudinal follow-up may help to determine the risk factors of RLS and potential interventions for RLS.