The "Frail" Brain Blood Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Early Disruption of Endothelial Cell-to-Cell Connections

被引：60
作者：
Maiuolo, Jessica [1 ]
Gliozzi, Micaela [1 ]
Musolino, Vincenzo [1 ]
Scicchitano, Miriam [1 ]
Carresi, Cristina [1 ]
Scarano, Federica [1 ]
Bosco, Francesca [1 ]
Nucera, Saverio [1 ]
Ruga, Stefano [1 ]
Zito, Maria Caterina [1 ]
Mollace, Rocco [2 ]
Palma, Ernesto [1 ]
Fini, Massimo [3 ]
Muscoli, Carolina [1 ,3 ]
Mollace, Vincenzo [1 ,3 ]
机构：
[1] Magna Graecia Univ Catanzaro, IRC FSH Dept Hlth Sci, Campus Univ Germaneto, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
[2] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Chair Cardiol, Dept Med, Via Ric Sci, I-00133 Rome, Italy
[3] IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Valcannuta 247, I-00133 Rome, Italy
来源：
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES | 2018年 / 19卷 / 09期
关键词：
brain blood barrier; endothelial dysfunction; neurodegeneration; JUNCTIONAL ADHESION MOLECULE; ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; P-GLYCOPROTEIN ABCB1; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; VASCULAR DAMAGE; WATER CHANNELS; DRUG-DELIVERY; CROSS-TALK; PROTEIN;
D O I：
10.3390/ijms19092693
中图分类号：
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号：
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要：
The main neurovascular unit of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) consists of a cellular component, which includes endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes as well as a non-cellular component resulting from the extracellular matrix. The endothelial cells are the major vital components of the BBB able to preserve the brain homeostasis. These cells are situated along the demarcation line between the bloodstream and the brain. Therefore, an alteration or the progressive disruption of the endothelial layer may clearly impair the brain homeostasis. The proper functioning of the brain endothelial cells is generally ensured by two elements: (1) the presence of junction proteins and (2) the preservation of a specific polarity involving an apical-luminal and a basolateral-abluminal membrane. This review intends to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying BBB function and their changes occurring in early stages of neurodegenerative processes in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies aimed to counteract neurodegenerative disorders.
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