The third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 is involved in gp120 binding to the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4, which serve as co-receptors in HIV-1 infection. The sequence of V3 determines whether the virus binds to CCR5 and infects predominantly macrophages (R5 virus) or to CXCR4 and infects mostly T-cells (X4 virus). This review summarizes structural information for V3 peptides in complex with HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the V3 peptides led to the proposal of a mechanism for co-receptor selectivity. Experiments to further explore this mechanism and potential applications of V3 structural information are discussed.
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Harbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Lab Diag, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Hematol, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
Zhou, Hai-Zhou
Xu, Hua-Feng
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Harbin Med Coll, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
Heilongjiang Univ, Sch Life Sci, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Hematol, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
Xu, Hua-Feng
Xin, Xiao-Min
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Harbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Lab Diag, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Hematol, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
Xin, Xiao-Min
Guan, Xiu-Ru
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Harbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Lab Diag, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Hematol, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
Guan, Xiu-Ru
Zhou, Jin
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Harbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Hematol, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R ChinaHarbin Med Coll, Affiliated Hosp 1, Dept Hematol, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, Peoples R China
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Jiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaJiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Zhang, Chiyu
Xu, Shungao
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Jiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Jiangsu Univ, Sch Med Technol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaJiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Xu, Shungao
Wei, Jifu
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Nanjing Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp 1, Clin Expt Ctr, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaJiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
Wei, Jifu
Guo, Hongxiong
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Jiangsu Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R ChinaJiangsu Univ, Inst Life Sci, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, Peoples R China