The safety of available treatments for chronic constipation

Introduction: Chronic constipation is a frequent syndrome which, not only causes an appreciable deterioration in quality of life, but also entails a high economic cost due, among other things, to its treatment. This is because of the widespread use of laxatives, even by subjects who have not sought medical care, as well as little patient satisfaction with the treatment. Although this generally involves the use of drugs regarded as safe, there is no clear evidence about their short- and long-term effects, something that complicates appropriate prescription and follow-up by health professionals and hinders therapeutic compliance. Objective: To review the adverse effects which have been associated with laxatives based on scientific evidence, and ascertain the safety profile of the treatments used for constipation. Expert opinion: While all the drugs currently available for treatment of constipation are generally safe when used at established doses under medical supervision, more rigorous data on their long-term safety are nonetheless required, in view of the fact that constipation is a chronic condition. Their long-term use should be monitored by health professionals to optimize treatment on an individualized basis, with the aim of enhancing efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.