Treatment of Non-neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms-A Review of Key Publications from 2018 Onward

Context: A considerable number of studies addressing the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have been published since 2018. Objective: To review the key studies involving pharmacological and neuromodulation treatment of LUTS published from 2018 onward. Evidence acquisition: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. We conducted an Embase/PubMed search of English literature with the words "OAB" or "LUTS" matched with several different treatment modalities. The search ranged between January 2018 and January 2020. All retrieved papers were first reviewed by title and abstract, yielding a total of 236 papers. Additional manuscripts, such as those presented at major meetings, were also included. After revision, 46 publications were included. Evidence synthesis: Papers on beta 3-adrenoreceptor agonists were most abundant. The efficacy and safety of mirabegron in monotherapy and combination therapy were further confirmed by large observational studies and randomized control trials, including one carried out in elderly patients. The use of vibegron for overactive bladder (OAB) was effective and safe in pivotal clinical trials. More database analyses confirm the risk of dementia associated with long-term use of anticholinergics. Onabotulinum toxinA (OnabotA) and sacral neuromodulation provided similar improvement for incontinence in OAB patients at a 2-yr follow-up. Retrospective studies show that OnabotA is effective in men with OAB. New subcutaneous or transcutaneous devices for tibial nerve stimulation were investigated. The potential role of gene therapy in LUTS was assessed in a pilot study. Conclusions: Important progresses occurred in the pharmacological and neuromodulation treatments of LUTS, which may change clinical practice. Inoculation of gene vectors was investigated for the first time. Patient summary: The investigation in the therapeutic field of lower urinary tract symptoms is active. The search for the best option for each patient continues. This systematic review summarizes the findings of the most recent and relevant studies in the field. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Association of Urology.