Sitting time and occupational and recreational physical activity in relation to the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Backgrounds: Sitting time and physical activity are associated with cancer risk; however, their roles in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of total sitting time, occupational activity time (OAT), and recreational activity time (RAT) on ESCC risk. Methods: Five hundred fifty-seven ESCC patients and 543 healthy controls matched by sex and age were recruited for this study. Conditional logistic regression was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Longer total sitting time (adjusted OR [AOR] 2.54, 95% CI 1.58-4.09) and longer OAT (AOR 2.90, 95% CI 2.11-3.99) were associated with higher ESCC risk, while longer RAT (AOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19-0.38) could reduce ESCC risk. When the body mass index was incorporated into the multivariable models, the results changed slightly. In risk estimation according to sex, the same trends were observed in both men and women. Furthermore, longer RAT could completely or partially diminish the impacts of longer sitting time and OAT on increasing ESCC risk. Conclusion: Long sitting time and long OAT can increase the risk of ESCC, while long RAT is significantly associated with decreased ESCC risk.