Mid-infrared circumstellar emission of the long-period Cepheid l Carinae resolved with VLTI/MATISSE

被引：10

作者：

Hocde, V ^{[1
]}

Nardetto, N. ^{[1
]}

Matter, A. ^{[1
]}

Lagadec, E. ^{[1
]}

Merand, A. ^{[2
]}

Cruzalebes, P. ^{[1
]}

Meilland, A. ^{[1
]}

Millour, F. ^{[1
]}

Lopez, B. ^{[1
]}

Berio, P. ^{[1
]}

Weigelt, G. ^{[3
]}

Petrov, R. ^{[1
]}

Isbell, J. W. ^{[19
]}

Jaffe, W. ^{[4
]}

Kervella, P. ^{[5
]}

Glindemann, A. ^{[2
]}

Scholler, M. ^{[2
]}

Allouche, F. ^{[1
]}

Gallenne, A. ^{[1
,6
,7
,8
]}

de Souza, A. Domiciano ^{[1
]}

Niccolini, G. ^{[1
]}

Kokoulina, E. ^{[1
]}

Varga, J. ^{[4
,17
]}

Lagarde, S. ^{[1
]}

Augereau, J-C ^{[9
]}

van Boekel, R. ^{[4
]}

Bristow, P. ^{[2
]}

Henning, Th ^{[19
]}

Hofmann, K-H ^{[3
]}

Zins, G. ^{[2
]}

Danchi, W-C ^{[1
,10
]}

Delbo, M. ^{[1
]}

Dominik, C. ^{[11
]}

Rosas, V. Gamez ^{[4
,5
]}

Klarmann, L. ^{[19
]}

Hron, J. ^{[12
]}

Hogerheijde, M. R. ^{[4
,11
]}

Meisenheimer, K. ^{[19
]}

Pantin, E. ^{[13
]}

Paladini, C. ^{[2
]}

Robbe-Dubois, S. ^{[1
]}

Schertl, D. ^{[3
]}

Stee, P. ^{[1
]}

Waters, R. ^{[14
,15
]}

Lehmitz, M. ^{[19
]}

Bettonvil, F. ^{[4
]}

Heininger, M. ^{[3
]}

Woillez, J. ^{[2
]}

Wolf, S. ^{[16
]}

Yoffe, G. ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Cote dAzur, Observ Cote dAzur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Nice, France

[2] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[3] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[4] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands

[5] Univ PSL, Univ Paris, Sorbonne Univ, LESIA,Observ Paris,CNRS, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

[6] Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland

[7] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Unidad Mixta Int Francochilena Astron CNRS UMI 33, Camino El Observ 1515, Santiago, Chile

[8] Univ Concepcion, Dept Astron, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile

[9] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France

[10] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Astrophys, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[11] Univ Amsterdam, Anton Pannekoek Inst Astron, Sci Pk 904, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, Netherlands

[12] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, Turkenschanzstr 17, Vienna, Austria

[13] Univ Paris Saclay, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cite,AIM,CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[14] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Math Astrophys & Particle Phys, POB 9010,MC 62, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands

[15] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Sorbonnelaan 2, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands

[16] Christian Albrechts Univ Kiel, Inst Theoret Phys & Astrophys, Leibnizstr 15, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

[17] Eotvos Lorand Res Network ELKH, Konkoly Observ, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Konkoly Thege Miklos Ut 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary

[18] CSFK Lendulet Near Field Cosmol Res Grp, Budapest, Hungary

[19] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[20] Univ Vienna, Inst Astrophys, Turkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

[21] Univ Cologne, Phys Inst 1, Zulpicher Str 77, D-50937 Cologne, Germany

[22] Zsel Pk Stars, 064-2 Hrsz, H-7477 Zselickisfalud, Hungary

[23] Univ Sydney, Sch Phys, Sydney Inst Astron SIfA, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

[24] ASTRON, NOVA Opt IR Instrumentat Grp, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands

[25] ASTRON Netherlands, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands

来源：

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | 2021年 / 651卷

基金：

欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

instrumentation: interferometers; circumstellar matter; infrared: stars; stars: variables: Cepheids; stars: atmospheres; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-INFRARED INTERFEROMETRY; PROJECTION FACTOR; EXTENDED ENVELOPES; GALACTIC CEPHEIDS; DISTANCE DETERMINATION; DELTA-CEPHEI; OBSERVATIONAL CALIBRATION; HUBBLE PROGRAM; MASS-LOSS;

D O I：

10.1051/0004-6361/202140626

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

Context. The nature of circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) around Cepheids is a matter of ongoing debate. The physical origin of their infrared (IR) excess could be shown to either be made up of a shell of ionized gas, a dust envelope, or a combination of both.Aims. This study is aimed at constraining the geometry and the IR excess of the environment of the bright long-period Cepheid l Car (P = 35.5 days) at mid-IR wavelengths in order to understand its physical nature.Methods. We first used photometric observations in various bands (from the visible domain to the infrared) and Spitzer Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the IR excess of l Car. Then we analyzed the VLTI/MATISSE measurements at a specific phase of observation in order to determine the flux contribution as well as the size and shape of the environment of the star in the L band. Finally, we tested the hypothesis of a shell of ionized gas in order to model the IR excess.Results. We report the first detection in the L band of a centro-symmetric extended emission around l Car, of about 1.7 R-star in full width at half maximum, producing an excess of about 7.0% in this band.This latter value is used to calibrate the IR excess found when comparing the photometric observations in various bands and quasi-static atmosphere models. In the N band, there is no clear evidence for dust emission from VLTI/MATISSE correlated flux and Spitzer data. On the other side, the modeled shell of ionized gas implies a more compact CSE (1.13 0.02 R-star) that is also fainter (IR excess of 1% in the L band).Conclusions. We provide new evidence supporting a compact CSE for l Car and we demonstrate the capabilities of VLTI/MATISSE for determining common properties of CSEs. While the compact CSE of l Car is likely to be of a gaseous nature, the tested model of a shell of ionized gas is not able to simultaneously reproduce the IR excess and the interferometric observations. Further Galactic Cepheid observations with VLTI/MATISSE are necessary for determining the properties of CSEs, which may also depend on both the pulsation period and the evolutionary state of the stars.

引用

页数：13

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