Reactive Oxygen Species: Angels and Demons in the Life of a Neuron

被引:37
作者
Biswas, Kasturi [1 ,2 ]
Alexander, Kellianne [1 ,2 ]
Francis, Michael M. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Neurobiol, Chan Med Sch, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
[2] UMass Chan Med Sch, Morningside Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Grad Program Neurosci, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
来源
NEUROSCI | 2022年 / 3卷 / 01期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
synapse; oxidative stress; C; elegans; neurodevelopment; neurodegenerative disease; brain injury; PHAGOCYTE NADPH OXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; FREE-RADICALS; MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION;
D O I
10.3390/neurosci3010011
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as regulators of key processes supporting neuronal growth, function, and plasticity across lifespan. At normal physiological levels, ROS perform important roles as secondary messengers in diverse molecular processes such as regulating neuronal differentiation, polarization, synapse maturation, and neurotransmission. In contrast, high levels of ROS are toxic and can ultimately lead to cell death. Excitable cells, such as neurons, often require high levels of metabolic activity to perform their functions. As a consequence, these cells are more likely to produce high levels of ROS, potentially enhancing their susceptibility to oxidative damage. In addition, because neurons are generally post-mitotic, they may be subject to accumulating oxidative damage. Thus, maintaining tight control over ROS concentration in the nervous system is essential for proper neuronal development and function. We are developing a more complete understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for control of ROS in these processes. This review focuses on ROS regulation of the developmental and functional properties of neurons, highlighting recent in vivo studies. We also discuss the current evidence linking oxidative damage to pathological conditions associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
引用
收藏
页码:130 / 145
页数:16
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