Soy protein isolate in the presence of cornstarch reduces body fat gain in rats

The objective of the present study was to determine the combined effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate sources on total body energy and protein and fat gains as well as on plasma insulin and glucose and tissue lipoprotein lipase activity in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed semipurified diets for 28 days. The diets varied in both protein and carbohydrate sources, namely, casein-cornstarch, casein-sucrose, soy protein isolate (SPI)-cornstarch, SPI-sucrose, cod protein - cornstarch, and cod protein - sucrose. When SPI was combined with cornstarch, lower total body energy and fat gains were observed compared with the combination of either casein and sucrose, casein and cornstarch, or SPI and sucrose. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in addition to total and metabolizable energy intake and body weight gain were lower in rats fed the SPI-cornstarch diet than in those fed the casein-sucrose diet. Feeding the SPI-cornstarch diet compared with feeding either the casein-cornstarch or the SPI-sucrose diet also caused lower plasma glucose concentrations and a concomitant trend (p = 0.06) to reduced energy intake and body weight gain. Therefore, the reducing effects of the SPI-cornstarch diet compared with the casein-cornstarch, the casein-sucrose, and the SPI-sucrose diets on body energy and fat gains may result from reductions in energy intake and in plasma glucose concentrations.