Optimizing nitrogen and irrigation inputs for corn based on nitrate leaching and yield on a coarse-textured soil

被引:100
作者
Sexton, BT [1 ]
Moncrief, JF [1 ]
Rosen, CJ [1 ]
Gupta, SC [1 ]
Cheng, HH [1 ]
机构
[1] UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108
关键词
D O I
10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500050008x
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
A study was conducted on a Verndale sandy loam soil (coarse loamy over sandy, mixed, frigid Udic Argiboroll) during 1991 and 1992 at Staples, MN, to assess the influence of irrigation scheduling and N source and rate on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and nitrate leaching. Nitrogen sources were urea and turkey manure. Soils were irrigated to field capacity (i) at a fixed trigger deficit throughout the season, or (ii) at a variable trigger deficit based on crop growth stage. Leaching losses were calculated from measured daily fluxes of water percolation and soil water NO3-N concentrations and from a seasonal N mass balance. Based on yield response curves, maximum corn grain yields were obtained at 202 and 234 kg N ha(-1) urea in 1991 and 1992, respectively. This resulted In growing season leaching losses of 72 and 55 kg N ha(-1) in 1991 and 1992, respectively. The Fate at 95% of the maximum crop yield is suggested to substantially reduce nitrate leaching past the root zone. Using this guideline, nitrate leaching would be reduced by 35% compared with nitrate leaching at the maximum yield. When a variable available water deficit was used to schedule irrigation compared with a fixed deficit schedule (at 95% of maximum yield N rate), nitrate leaching was reduced 46%. At equivalent N rates, turkey manure produced equal or greater crop yields as that from urea applications; however, nitrate leaching was equal to or less than urea.
引用
收藏
页码:982 / 992
页数:11
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