Organocatalytic Enantioselective Acyl Transfer onto Racemic as well as meso Alcohols, Amines, and Thiols

Acyl transfer is at the heart of functional-group transfers utilized both in nature and in the chemical laboratory. Acylations are part of the natural assembly machinery for the generation of complex molecules and for energy transport in biological systems. The recognition of covalent acyl-enzyme intermediates led to both mechanistic studies as well as the development of biomimetic approaches. Consequently, chemists first used the tools of nature in the form of enzymes and naturally occurring alkaloids as catalysts, before eventually developing a large variety of synthetic small molecules for selective acyl transfer. In contrast to nature, chemists utilize acylation reactions as a practical way for stereoselection and functional-group protection. Indeed, the number of studies concerning acyl transfer has significantly increased over the last 15years. This Review examines and highlights these recent developments with the focus as given in the title. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.