An Original Halo-Alkaline Protease from Bacillus halodurans Strain US193: Biochemical Characterization and Potential Use as Bio-Additive in Detergents

Over a hundred of halophilic/halotolerant microorganisms were screened for alkaline protease production. The bacterium showing the highest enzyme production was characterized and identified as Bacillus halodurans US193 on the basis of 16S rRNA gene analysis. It was alkalophilic, thermophilic and halotolerant since it grew optimally at pH 9.7 and 50 A degrees C with tolerance of up to 125 g NaCl l(-1). The alkaline protease was purified 4.9 times with about 40186.1 U/mg as specific activity. It exhibited optimal activity at pH 10, 70 A degrees C and 0.25 M NaCl with perfect stability at wide ranges of pH (6-12), temperatures (30-60 A degrees C) and NaCl concentrations (0-2 M). The serine alkaline protease maintained high stability in the presence of Cu2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ and Ca2+ ions, various organic solvents [50% (v/v)] and ionic and non ionic detergent additives. In addition, it was more compatible with various commercialized detergents than other reported detergent proteases, and was very efficient in blood stain removal. These findings let B. halodurans US193 alkaline protease be an ideal candidate for many industrial processes at harsh conditions, especially as a bio-additive in detergent industry.