How Sociodemographic Factors Impact the Utilization of Recommended Clinical Preventive Screening Services in Poland: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the most frequent causes of mortality in Poland. To date, no study in Poland has attempted to analyze the impact of sociodemographic factors on the utilization of all recommended preventive services for these diseases. To address this challenge, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted. One thousand adults aged 18 years or older were interviewed using computer-assisted telephone surveys conducted via random selection. A representative population was obtained in accordance with existing demographics per voivodeship in Poland. We assessed whether factors such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), net income, household size, place of residence, and education impacted the odds ratio of utilizing recommended preventive services for CVD and cancer. We determined that elderly patients receive influenza vaccination, measure blood pressure, PSA concentration, glucose and lipid profiles, and undergo colonoscopy and mammography more often than younger counterparts. Men were more often influenza vaccinated (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.27) than women, while women measured blood glucose more often than men (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93). Furthermore, net income < 2000 PLN, BMI < 24 kg/m(2) and at least secondary education level were found to be crucial predictors of undergoing mammography (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.26-3.72), cervical smear tests (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17), and lipid measurements (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.91), respectively. Educating people and financial support seem to play a crucial role in implementing novel campaigns and preventive programs in Poland. Addressing each significant factor may be of paramount importance in improving the receipt of preventive services and warranting greater preventive care coverage in the Polish population.