Gate-Voltage-Controlled Threading DNA into Transistor Nanopores

We present a simple method for DNA trans location driven by applying AC voltages, such as square and saw-tooth waves, on an embedded thin film as a gate electrode inside of a dielectric nanopore, without applying a conventional bias voltage externally across the pore membrane. Square waveforms on a gate can drive a single DNA molecule into a nanopore, which often returns from the pore, causing an oscillation across the membrane. An optimized sawtooth-like negative voltage pulse on the gate can thread a fraction of a DNA molecule into a pore after a single pulse. This trapped DNA molecule continues to finish its translocation slowly through the pore. The DNA's slow speed was comparable to previous findings of the escaping DNA speed from a nanopore estimated by the Smoluchowski equation with excluded-volume interactions of a long-chain molecule and electrophoresis by extremely low electric fields. This simple scheme, controlling DNA molecules only by gate potential modulation at a nanopore, will provide an additional method to thread, translocate, or oscillate a single biomolecule at a gated nanopore.