Differences in Duty Hours and Their Relationship With Academic Parameters Between Preliminary and Categorical General Surgery Residents

BACKGROUND: There is the perceived notion that non-designated preliminary general surgery (P-GS) interns are treated differently (i.e., overworked) than their categorical GS (C-GS) counterparts are treated, or in an effort to prove themselves worthy of a categorical position, nondesignated preliminary residents may self-choose to work more. Empirical evidence examining duty-hour differences between P-GS and C-GS residents is lacking. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 4 academic years (July 2009 to June 2013) of our self-entered duty-hour database. Duty hours were averaged over 4-week periods and then averaged annually for each intern. Duty-hour averages and the percentage of conference attendance between P-GS and C-GS interns were compared. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of the 2011 duty-hour regulations, attendance to educational activities, seasonal variations in workload, and the Match Day effect. RESULTS: A total of 70 P-GS and 43 C-GS interns were compared. Duty-hour averages (+/- standard deviation, range) were 64.4 h/wk (+/- 4.6; 45-70) for the P-GS interns and 64.1 h/wk (+/- 3.9; 57-72) for the C-GS interns, p = 0.8. Mean (+/- standard deviation, range) conference attendance was 61% (+/- 17; 33-89) for the P-GS interns and 66% (+/- 18; 44-85) for the C-GS interns (p = 0.13). Duty-hour averages for both the groups positively correlated with conference attendance (r = 0.27, p = <0.001). The P-GS and the C-GS interns worked on average 4.8 hours more a week after the implementation of the 2011 Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education duty-hour regulations when compared with before implementation (66.7 +/- 4.1 vs 62 +/- 3.1, p < 0.0001), with no difference between both the groups. No seasonal variation in duty hours was encountered for either group. For the P-GS interns, no difference in duty hours was observed before or after the Match Day. CONCLUSIONS: At our institution, the P-GS and the C-GS interns have equivalent duty-hour periods and similar conference attendance. An expected, a positive correlation was observed between duty hours and conference attendance. Average weekly duty hours increased by almost 5 hours after the implementation of the 2011 duty-hour regulations. (C) 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)