Grid-Scale Energy Storage Systems

Energy storage systems are becoming widely deployed throughout the electricity infrastructure. Large-scale integration of energy storage systems will become much more widespread as we begin to integrate larger amounts of renewables. Furthermore, electrification of the transportation sector will demand fast charging infrastructure and energy storage to handle new loads on distribution systems. However, energy storage systems, especially battery energy storage systems (BESSs), present a range of hazards that make engineering safety of large-scale systems a challenge. This article explores engineering safety of grid energy storage systems from the perspective of an asset owner and system operator. We review the hazards of common lithium-ion and aqueous battery system designs along with the state-of-the-art hazard mitigation methods. We also summarize the development of codes and standards to ensure safety and discuss best practices for emergency preparedness. © 2013 IEEE.