One-pot synthesis of glucose-derived carbonaceous material with high hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity as bilirubin adsorbent

A novel bilirubin adsorbent with high hydrophilicity was facilely synthesized via one-step hydrothermal carbonization reaction by using glucose and [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) as precursors, in which sustainable carbohydrate could be converted into functionalized carbonaceous materials enriched with quaternary ammonium groups using an environmentally mild process. The properties of synthesized adsorbents were characterized by helium ion microscopy, static water contact angle measurement, FT-IR, elemental analysis and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement. The contact angle results indicated that these materials possessed very good hydrophilicity along with the lowest contact angle at 16.2 degrees. Moreover, the hydrophilic adsorbent prepared by only one-step demonstrated good adsorption capacity toward bilirubin (141 mg/g) than commercialized activated carbon (70 mg/g) and low non-specific adsorption toward albumin (0.21%), which had great potential to be used in hemoperfusion. In addition, kinetic adsorption behaviors were conducted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The regression results showed that the kinetic adsorption data were more accurately represented by pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using two widely applied isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm matched the experimental results well.