Clinical outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in critically ill children

Information concerning the clinical outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock among the burden of tropical infections in children is limited, particularly in low-income settings. We conducted a prospective consecutive cohort study in all children aged 1 month to 16 years needing paediatric intensive care between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Demographic details, presenting symptoms and duration, associated co-morbidity and organ dysfunction were recorded. Clinical and laboratory parameters discriminating between survivors and non-survivors were evaluated. Most presented with respiratory or central nervous system derangement along with cardiovascular dysfunction. Haematological involvement was almost invariably found on diagnostic evaluation. Those children with >= 3 systems involved had higher odds of mortality. Dengue was seen in half the patients, being the commonest tropical infection. Not surprisingly, non-survivors were younger, had rapid progression of illness and needed ventilation more often within the first hour of admission. However, in multivariable regression analysis, only procalcitonin levels were associated with increased risk of mortality. We conclude that that tropical infections causing severe sepsis and septic shock are an important cause of mortality. There are, however, no clinical parameters which differentiate reliably between survivors and non-survivors.