Uncoupled relationship in the brain between regional homogeneity and attention function in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia

The relationship between the cognitive impairment and the structural and functional abnormalities in the brains of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) is not yet clear. This study aims to investigate the relationship, thereby exploring the neuromechanism underlying SZ. We collected multimodal MRI data from 68 first-episode, drugnaive patients with SZ, and 64 well-matched healthy controls, and used regional homogeneity (ReHo) and gray matter volume (GMV) to assess the functional and structural integrity of the brains, respectively. We then evaluated in the entire brain the correlations between ReHo/GMV and the participants' neuropsychological assessment scores for each group using a partial correlation analysis controlling for age and sex. We found significant uncoupling between attention performance and mean ReHo in the left middle frontal gyrus, right superior/inferior parietal lobe (IPL), right angular gyrus (AG) and right middle/inferior temporal lobe (ITG) in SZ compared with healthy controls. Moreover, we found that the SZ group showed decreased GMV in the right IPL and AG, and a significant coupling between ReHo and GMV in the right ITG. Our findings suggest that the attention dysfunction found in SZ may be associated with the structural and functional abnormalities as well as the structure-function interrelation in several SZ-related brain regions.