Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen export from major Arctic rivers

被引:152
作者
McClelland, J. W. [1 ]
Holmes, R. M. [2 ]
Peterson, B. J. [3 ]
Raymond, P. A. [4 ]
Striegl, R. G. [5 ]
Zhulidov, A. V. [6 ]
Zimov, S. A. [7 ]
Zimov, N. [7 ]
Tank, S. E. [8 ]
Spencer, R. G. M. [9 ]
Staples, R. [10 ]
Gurtovaya, T. Y. [6 ]
Griffin, C. G. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA
[2] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA USA
[3] Marine Biol Lab, Ecosyst Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
[4] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
[5] US Geol Survey, Boulder, CO USA
[6] South Russia Ctr Preparat & Implementat Int Proje, Rostov Na Donu, Russia
[7] Northeast Sci Stn, Cherskiy, Russia
[8] Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada
[9] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
[10] Govt Northwest Terr, Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Yellowknife, NT, Canada
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
EAST SIBERIAN SEA; MACKENZIE RIVER; ATMOSPHERIC CH4; LENA RIVER; MATTER; SHELF; PERMAFROST; COASTAL; SEDIMENT; FLUXES;
D O I
10.1002/2015GB005351
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Northern rivers connect a land area of approximately 20.5 million km(2) to the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. These rivers account for similar to 10% of global river discharge and transport massive quantities of dissolved and particulate materials that reflect watershed sources and impact biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. In this paper, multiyear data sets from a coordinated sampling program are used to characterize particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) export from the six largest rivers within the pan-Arctic watershed (Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, Yukon, Kolyma). Together, these rivers export an average of 3055 x 10(9) g of POC and 368 x 10(9) g of PN each year. Scaled up to the pan-Arctic watershed as a whole, fluvial export estimates increase to 5767 x 10(9) g and 695 x 10(9) g of POC and PN per year, respectively. POC export is substantially lower than dissolved organic carbon export by these rivers, whereas PN export is roughly equal to dissolved nitrogen export. Seasonal patterns in concentrations and source/composition indicators (C:N, delta C-13, Delta C-14, delta N-15) are broadly similar among rivers, but distinct regional differences are also evident. For example, average radiocarbon ages of POC range from similar to 2000 (Ob') to similar to 5500 (Mackenzie) years before present. Rapid changes within the Arctic system as a consequence of global warming make it challenging to establish a contemporary baseline of fluvial export, but the results presented in this paper capture variability and quantify average conditions for nearly a decade at the beginning of the 21st century.
引用
收藏
页码:629 / 643
页数:15
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