Recent advances on protein-based Pickering high internal phase emulsions (Pickering HIPEs): Fabrication, characterization, and applications

Most trans fats in processed foods come from partially hydrogenated oils (PHOs). Numerous studies have shown that the excessive intake of trans fats may cause some adverse effects on human health. An effective alternative to PHOs is to construct Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to Pickering HIPEs stabilized by protein-based particles because of their high stability and promising applications in the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This review summarizes the recent progress of Pickering HIPEs stabilized by protein-based particles focusing on the methods for their preparation and characterization, and discusses the applications of Pickering HIPEs in the food industry. Promising research trends in this field are also proposed, including (a) developing protein-based antioxidant Pickering HIPEs and Pickering nanoemulsions, and (b) expanding the potential applications of protein-based Pickering HIPEs in the fields of delivery vehicles, the template for porous materials, and biodegradable packaging films. This review will provide a theoretical basis for future technological innovation and application development of protein-based Pickering HIPEs.