The Effect of Social Media Use on Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults with Self-Reported Hearing Impairment: An Empirical Study

Older people with hearing impairment are more likely to develop depressive symptoms due to physical disability and loss of social communication. This study investigated the effects of social media on social relations, subjective aging, and depressive symptoms in these older adults based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework. It provides new empirical evidence to support improving the mental health and rebuilding the social relations of older people. A formal questionnaire was designed using the Wenjuanxing platform and distributed online through WeChat; 643 valid questionnaires were received from older people with self-reported hearing impairments, and SmartPLS 3.28 was used to analyze the data. The results show that (1) social media significantly impacts the social relations of older people with hearing impairment (social networks, beta = 0.132, T = 3.444; social support, beta = 0.129, T = 2.95; social isolation, beta = 0.107, T = 2.505). (2) For these older people, social isolation has the biggest impact on their psychosocial loss (beta = 0.456, T = 10.458), followed by the impact of social support (beta = 0.103, T = 2.014); a hypothesis about social network size was not confirmed (beta = 0.007, T = 0.182). Both social media (beta = 0.096, T = 2.249) and social support (beta = 0.174, T = 4.434) significantly affect the self-efficacy of hearing-impaired older people. (3) Both subjective aging (psychosocial loss, beta = 0.260, T = 6.036; self-efficacy, beta = 0.106, T = 3.15) and social isolation (beta = 0.268, T = 6.307) significantly affect depressive symptoms in older people with hearing impairment. This study expands the theories of social media aging cognition, social support, and social networks and can provide practical contributions to the social media use and mental health of special persons 60 years and older.