The importance of urgency in decision making based on dynamic information

Author summary Decisions are the result of a deliberative process that assesses the suitability of each potential option. However, the specific dynamics of such process are still under debate, with two influential views. On the one hand, a standard view on perceptual decision making proposes that sensory evidence in favor of each option is sequentially sampled and accumulated until the accumulation reaches a bound and a decision is made. On the other hand, an alternative view proposes that, once sampled, instead of accumulated, sensory evidence is low-passed filtered and weighted by an urgency signal, which increases with time. Here using a perceptual decision-making task with dynamic sensory evidence and two computational models, related with each view, we wanted to distinguish whether decisions can be better described by the standard proposal or by the alternative one. Our results show that a model with a low-pass filter and an urgency signal can describe the experimental data better than a model that accumulates sensory evidence, even in a situation where sensory evidence sequentially disappears. Our study contributes to describe the decision-making process by providing experimental and computational support for one of the most influential views in decision making.</p> A standard view in the literature is that decisions are the result of a process that accumulates evidence in favor of each alternative until such accumulation reaches a threshold and a decision is made. However, this view has been recently questioned by an alternative proposal that suggests that, instead of accumulated, evidence is combined with an urgency signal. Both theories have been mathematically formalized and supported by a variety of decision-making tasks with constant information. However, recently, tasks with changing information have shown to be more effective to study the dynamics of decision making. Recent research using one of such tasks, the tokens task, has shown that decisions are better described by an urgency mechanism than by an accumulation one. However, the results of that study could depend on a task where all fundamental information was noiseless and always present, favoring a mechanism of non-integration, such as the urgency one. Here, we wanted to address whether the same conclusions were also supported by an experimental paradigm in which sensory evidence was removed shortly after it was provided, making working memory necessary to properly perform the task. Here, we show that, under such condition, participants' behavior could be explained by an urgency-gating mechanism that low-pass filters the mnemonic information and combines it with an urgency signal that grows with time but not by an accumulation process that integrates the same mnemonic information. Thus, our study supports the idea that, under certain situations with dynamic sensory information, decisions are better explained by an urgency-gating mechanism than by an accumulation one.</p>