Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

被引：30

作者：

Salman, Ali Dawood ^{[1
,2
]}

Juzsakova, Tatjana ^{[1
]}

Mohsen, Saja ^{[3
]}

Abdullah, Thamer Adnan ^{[1
,4
]}

Le, Phuoc-Cuong ^{[5
]}

Sebestyen, Viktor ^{[1
]}

Sluser, Brindusa ^{[6
]}

Cretescu, Igor ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Pannonia, Sustainabil Solut Res Lab, H-8200 Veszprem, Hungary

[2] Basra Univ, Dept Chem & Petr Refining Engn, Coll Oil & Gas Engn, Basra 61007, Iraq

[3] Univ Technol Baghdad, Nanotechnol & Adv Mat Res Ctr, Baghdad 35109, Iraq

[4] Univ Technol Baghdad, Chem Branch, Dept Appl Sci, Baghdad 10011, Iraq

[5] Univ Sci & Technol, Univ Danang, Fac Environm, Dept Environm Management, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang 550000, Vietnam

[6] Gheorghe Asachi Tech Univ Iasi, Dept Environm Engn & Management, Fac Chem Engn & Environm Protect, 73 D Mangeron St, Iasi 700050, Romania

来源：

MATERIALS | 2022年 / 15卷 / 07期

关键词：

scandium recovery; hydrometallurgy; red mud; solvent extraction; organophosphorus extractants; RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; SYNERGISTIC SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; RESIDUE-RED MUD; BAUXITE RESIDUE; SELECTIVE SEPARATION; ION-EXCHANGE; METAL-IONS; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDES; CHLORIDE MEDIUM; ACID;

D O I：

10.3390/ma15072376

中图分类号：

O64 [物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理学];

学科分类号：

070304 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the highest extraction efficiency of any of the valuable components. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of the rare earth metals, the separation and purification processes of Sc are difficult tasks. Sc has also been extracted from acidic solutions using carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic beta-diketone, among other solvents and chemicals. For improving the extraction efficiencies, the development of mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the SX of Sc has been carried out in recent years. Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its acidity, the aqueous (A) to organic (O) and solid (S) to liquid (L) phase ratios, as well as the type of the diluents. Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods (acid leaching and SX) were effective for Sc recovery. Furthermore, the OPCs bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) showed interesting potential taking into consideration some co-extracted metals such as Fe(III) and Ti(IV).

引用

页数：39