Pavlovian threat learning shapes the kinematics of action

被引:7
作者
Starita, Francesca [1 ]
Garofalo, Sara [1 ]
Dalbagno, Daniela [1 ]
Degni, Luigi A. E. [1 ]
di Pellegrino, Giuseppe [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bologna, Ctr Studies & Res Cognit Neurosci, Dept Psychol Renzo Canestrari, Motivat Decis & Learning Lab, Cesena, Italy
来源
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY | 2022年 / 13卷
关键词
Pavlovian conditioning; fear conditioning; kinematics; reaching; vigor; pain anticipation; FEAR; ACQUISITION; AMYGDALA; EXTINCTION; MODULATION; RESPONSES; NEUROSCIENCE; CHOICES; MODELS; GOAL;
D O I
10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005656
中图分类号
B84 [心理学];
学科分类号
04 ; 0402 ;
摘要
Prompt response to environmental threats is critical to survival. Previous research has revealed mechanisms underlying threat-conditioned physiological responses, but little is known about how threats shape action. Here we tested if threat learning shapes the kinematics of reaching in human adults. In two different experiments conducted on independent samples of participants, after Pavlovian threat learning, in which a stimulus anticipated the delivery of an aversive shock, whereas another did not, the peak velocity and acceleration of reaching increased for the shocked-paired stimulus, relative to the unpaired one. These kinematic changes appeared as a direct consequence of learning, emerging even in absence of an actual threat to body integrity, as no shock occurred during reaching. Additionally, they correlated with the strength of sympathetic response during threat learning, establishing a direct relationship between previous learning and subsequent changes in action. The increase in velocity and acceleration of action following threat learning may be adaptive to facilitate the implementation of defensive responses. Enhanced action invigoration may be maladaptive, however, when defensive responses are inappropriately enacted in safe contexts, as exemplified in a number of anxiety-related disorders.
引用
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页数:15
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