Effect of immobile water content on contaminant transport in unsaturated zone

The effect of immobile water content on contaminant advection and dispersion in unsaturated porous media has been studied using a formulation which assumes that even in the immobile liquid zone, there occurs minor liquid flow. An approach is proposed for computing this liquid velocity. One dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to study the effect of immobile water content on the time of appearance of contaminant at the bottom of an unsaturated column. The numerical model developed is verified using analytical solutions for simple advective-dispersive cases. From the simulations, it was observed that increase in the immobile water content leads to quicker appearance of contaminant. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Hydraulic Engineering and Research, Asia Pacific Division.