Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and transmission associated with first-line drug resistance: a first analysis in Jalisco, Mexico

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to analyse the frequency of gene mutations associated with antitubercular drug resistance in clinical samples from the population of Jalisco State (Mexico) and to evaluate the genetic variability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. tuberculosis strains to describe the frequency of various families. Methods: Clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis obtained from Jalisco State were analysed. Isolates were subjected to drug susceptibility testing, and mutations were characterised by sequencing, followed by genotyping using spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units-variable-number of tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR). Moreover, the prevalence of mutations was analysed by phylogenetic lineages. Results: Resistant strains were analysed by sequencing of katG, inhA and rpoB genes to determine the presence of mutations associated with isoniazid and rifampicin resistance. In MDR, monoresistant and polyresistant isolates, mutations were found in 17 (54.84%) of 31 strains. Spoligotyping identified six different strain lineages [T1 (25.40%), H3 (7.94%), MANU (4.76%), X1 (3.17%), EAI5 (1.59%) and LAM1 (1.59%)], with the remaining strains identified as orphans. In additional tree-based identification, a dendrogram of spoligotype patterns generated five different similarity clusters. When combining 24-loci MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping approaches, the results shows that there is no cluster formation, indicating low transmission of the samples. Conclusions: This study using spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR showed that the analysed strains were not related to each other since no two identical strains were found. Families with the highest prevalence in the study were orphans followed by T family. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer.