Short-circuit calculations in networks with distributed generation

Fault level considerations may be an inhibiting factor for the interconnection of distributed generation (DG) to the network, particularly at the medium voltage level. In this paper, the latest edition of the IEC 60909 Standard is applied for the calculation of the resulting fault level in medium and low voltage distribution networks with DG. First, an outline of the IEC calculation methodology is presented, including all relevant equations for DG cases studies. Then the short-circuit contribution of the various DG types is extensively discussed. The application of the methodology is demonstrated on a study case medium voltage distribution network, which includes all representative types of DG sources. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of the upstream system, which is the dominant source of short-circuit current. A discussion is also included on potential measures for fault level reduction. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.