black hole physics;
galaxies: elliptical and lenticular;
cD;
galaxies: kinematics and dynamics;
methods: numerical;
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK-HOLES;
ATLAS(3D) PROJECT;
ANGULAR-MOMENTUM;
MINOR MERGERS;
STELLAR MASS;
EVOLUTION;
DENSITY;
SIMULATIONS;
DYNAMICS;
ORIGIN;
D O I:
10.3847/2041-8213/ab04b1
中图分类号:
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号:
0704 ;
摘要:
We study the impact of merging supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on the central regions of massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) using a series of merger simulations with varying mass ratios. The ETG models include realistic stellar and dark matter components and are evolved with the GADGET-3 based regularized tree code KETJU. We show that observed key properties of the nuclear stellar populations of massive ETGs, namely flat stellar density distributions (cores), tangentially biased velocity distributions, and kinematically decoupled (counter-) rotation, can naturally result from a single process-the scouring by SMBHs. Major mergers with mass ratios of q > 1/3 produce flat, tangentially biased cores with kinematically distinct components. These kinematic features originate from reversals of the SMBH orbits caused by gravitational torques after pericenter passages. Minor mergers (q less than or similar to 1/3), on the other hand, form non-rotating cores and the orbit reversal becomes less important. Low-density stellar cores scoured in (multiple) minor mergers are less tangentially biased. This implies that the nuclear stellar properties of massive ETGs can be solely explained by stellar dynamical processes during their final assembly without any need for "feedback" from accreting black holes. We predict a strong correlation between decoupled cores, central anisotropy, and merger history: decoupled cores form in binary mergers and we predict them to occur in elliptical galaxies with the strongest central anisotropy. Measurements of the central orbital structure are the key to understanding the number of mergers that a given galaxy has experienced.
机构:
Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, NetherlandsUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
de Zeeuw, P. T.
;
Duc, Pierre-Alain
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU,SAp CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Duc, Pierre-Alain
;
Khochfar, Sadegh
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, GermanyUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Khochfar, Sadegh
;
Krajnovic, Davor
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:Univ Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Krajnovic, Davor
;
Kuntschner, Harald
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European So Observ, Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, GermanyUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Kuntschner, Harald
;
Lablanche, Pierre-Yves
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Univ Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, FranceUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Lablanche, Pierre-Yves
;
McDermid, Richard M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
No Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USAUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
McDermid, Richard M.
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Morganti, Raffaella
;
Naab, Thorsten
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, GermanyUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Naab, Thorsten
;
Oosterloo, Tom
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, NetherlandsUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
机构:
Leiden Univ, Sterrewacht Leiden, NL-2300 RA Leiden, NetherlandsUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
de Zeeuw, P. T.
;
Duc, Pierre-Alain
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Paris Diderot, Lab AIM Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU,SAp CNRS, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, FranceUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Duc, Pierre-Alain
;
Khochfar, Sadegh
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85478 Garching, GermanyUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Khochfar, Sadegh
;
Krajnovic, Davor
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:Univ Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Krajnovic, Davor
;
Kuntschner, Harald
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
European So Observ, Space Telescope European Coordinating Facil, D-85748 Garching, GermanyUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Kuntschner, Harald
;
Lablanche, Pierre-Yves
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Univ Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, FranceUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Lablanche, Pierre-Yves
;
McDermid, Richard M.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
No Operat Ctr, Gemini Observ, Hilo, HI 96720 USAUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
McDermid, Richard M.
;
论文数: 引用数:
h-index:
机构:
Morganti, Raffaella
;
Naab, Thorsten
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, GermanyUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France
Naab, Thorsten
;
Oosterloo, Tom
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Netherlands Inst Radio Astron ASTRON, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, Netherlands
Univ Groningen, Kapteyn Astron Inst, NL-9700 AV Groningen, NetherlandsUniv Lyon 1, Observ Lyon, Ctr Rech Astrophys Lyon, F-69230 St Genis Laval, France