Chemical and mineralogical characterization of the different structure size classes of red-yellow and dusky red latosols in Parana, Brazil

The content and shap of clay minerals are important in the definition of soil structure morphology. To evaluate the clay mineralogy and chemical properties of different aggregate size-classes of Latosols (Red-Yellow - LBd and Dusky Red - LVdf) derived from basalt in the state of Parana, Brazil, soil samples of the Bw1 and Bw2 horizons were collected in four LBd and three LVdf profiles, distributed across two distinct toposequences. Dried and undisturbed soil samples were separated into six size-classes (2-4; 1-2; 0.5-1; 0.25-0.5; 0.105-0.25; < 0.105 mm) and the soluble Si in 0,5 mol L-1 acetic acid and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and Al contents were determined. The clay fraction extracted from each aggregate size-class was investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and chemical analysis. The content of exchangeable elements did not vary among the aggregate size-classes in the Bw1 and Bw2 horizons for Red-Yellow and Dusky Red Latosol proftles. Inspite of the high and continuous weathering of these soils the mineralogical characteristics of the aggregate clay fraction were not homogenized. The highest variation in the mineral contents, according to the aggregate size class, was observed for the profile in the highest position of the LBd toposequence; the gibbsite contents varied 35 % in a sample of the Bw1 horizon and the kaolinite contents 44 % in the Bw2 horizon. Additionally, changes in crystallographic characteristics of the goethite and hematite (mean crystal diameter (MCD) and isomorphic substitution level of Fe by Al) and the kaolinite (MCD) were observed among aggregate size classes of the same horizon, for both soils.