Analysis of spatiotemporal PM2.5 concentration patterns in Changwon, Korea, using low-cost PM2.5 sensors

Data of particulate matter (PM) of particle size 2.5 (PM2.5) obtained from September 2017 to December 2019 using 247 low-cost PM2.5 sensors were analyzed to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of PM2.5 in Changwon City, South Korea. The highest average PM2.5 concentration (33 mu g/m3) was observed in winter (November to March); the lowest average concentration (18.60 mu g/m3) was measured in summer (June to October). The PM2.5 concentrations were the highest (31.81 mu g/m3) during the morning rush hour (06:00 to 09:00 h) and lowest (23.82 mu g/m3) in the afternoon (15:00 to 18:00 h). In agricultural areas, the highest average PM2.5 concentrations (37.26 and 34.01 mu g/m3) were observed in February from 06:00 to 09:00 h. High PM2.5 concentrations were recorded at similar times in agricultural areas. This finding was because activities generating PM2.5, such as illegal incineration, occur in these areas. These high concentrations could cause damage to nearby vulnerable groups, such as elderly people. The results of this study could be useful for urban and environmental planning, reducing PM2.5 concentrations, and promoting sustainable development in urban areas.