The Arabic Version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised: Psychometric Evaluation among Psychiatric Patients and the General Public within the Context of COVID-19 Outbreak and Quarantine as Collective Traumatic Events

被引:24
作者
Ali, Amira Mohammed [1 ]
Al-Amer, Rasmieh [2 ,3 ]
Kunugi, Hiroshi [4 ,5 ]
Stanculescu, Elena [6 ]
Taha, Samah M. [7 ]
Saleh, Mohammad Yousef [8 ]
Alkhamees, Abdulmajeed A. [9 ]
Hendawy, Amin Omar [10 ]
机构
[1] Alexandria Univ, Fac Nursing, Dept Psychiat Nursing & Mental Hlth, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
[2] Isra Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman 11953, Jordan
[3] Western Sydney Univ, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
[4] Teikyo Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Itabashi Ku, 2-11-1 Kaga, Tokyo 173605, Japan
[5] Natl Inst Neurosci, Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Mental Disorder Res, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878502, Japan
[6] Univ Bucharest, Fac Psychol & Educ Sci, Bucharest 050663, Romania
[7] Mansoura Univ, Fac Nursing, Psychiat & Mental Hlth Nursing Dept, Mansoura 30016, Egypt
[8] Univ Jordan, Sch Nursing, Clin Nursing Dept, Amman 11942, Jordan
[9] Qassim Univ, Unayzah Coll Med & Med Sci, Dept Med, Unayzah 52571, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
[10] Damanhour Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Anim & Poultry Prod, Damanhour 22516, Egypt
关键词
Coronavirus Disease-19; COVID-19; the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R); post-traumatic stress disorder; psychiatric patients; the general public; healthy individuals; quarantine; gender differences; confirmatory factor analysis; measurement invariance; differential item functioning; psychometric evaluation; concurrent validity; convergent validity; discriminant validity/knowngroup validity; Arabic/Saudi Arabia; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; RELIABILITY; VALIDATION; SYMPTOMS; SAMPLE;
D O I
10.3390/jpm12050681
中图分类号
R19 [保健组织与事业(卫生事业管理)];
学科分类号
摘要
The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has provoked the development of negative emotions in almost all societies since it first broke out in late 2019. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is widely used to capture emotions, thoughts, and behaviors evoked by traumatic events, including COVID-19 as a collective and persistent traumatic event. However, there is less agreement on the structure of the IES-R, signifying a need for further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the IES-R among individuals in Saudi quarantine settings, psychiatric patients, and the general public during the COVID-19 outbreak. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the items of the IES-R present five factors with eigenvalues > 1. Examination of several competing models through confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a best fit for a six-factor structure, which comprises avoidance, intrusion, numbing, hyperarousal, sleep problems, and irritability/dysphoria. Multigroup analysis supported the configural, metric, and scalar invariance of this model across groups of gender, age, and marital status. The IES-R significantly correlated with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-8, perceived health status, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19, denoting good criterion validity. HTMT ratios of all the subscales were below 0.85, denoting good discriminant validity. The values of coefficient alpha in the three samples ranged between 0.90 and 0.93. In path analysis, correlated intrusion and hyperarousal had direct positive effects on avoidance, numbing, sleep, and irritability. Numbing and irritability mediated the indirect effects of intrusion and hyperarousal on sleep and avoidance. This result signifies that cognitive activation is the main factor driving the dynamics underlying the behavioral, emotional, and sleep symptoms of collective COVID-19 trauma. The findings support the robust validity of the Arabic IES-R, indicating it as a sound measure that can be applied to a wide range of traumatic experiences.
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页数:19
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