Role of Echocardiography in Assessment of Cardioembolic Sources: a Strong Diagnostic Resource in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

被引：3

作者：

Longobardo, Luca ^{[1
,2
]}

Zito, Concetta ^{[1
,2
]}

Carerj, Scipione ^{[1
,2
]}

Caracciolo, Giuseppe ^{[3
]}

Umland, Matt ^{[3
]}

Khandheria, Bijoy K. ^{[3
,4
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Messina, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Azienda Osped Univ Policlin G Martino, Cardiol Sect, Via Consolare Valeria 12, I-98100 Messina, Italy

[2] Univ Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 12, I-98100 Messina, Italy

[3] Aurora Sinai Aurora St Lukes Med Ctr, Aurora Cardiovasc Serv, 2801 W Kinnickinnic River Pkwy,Ste 880, Milwaukee, WI 53215 USA

[4] Marcus Family Fund Echocardiog ECHO Res & Educ, 2801 W Kinnickinnic River Pkwy,Ste 880, Milwaukee, WI 53215 USA

来源：

CURRENT CARDIOLOGY REPORTS | 2018年 / 20卷 / 12期

关键词：

Stroke; Cardioembolic sources; Endocarditis; Atrial fibrillation; Thrombus; Echocardiography; LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE; PATENT FORAMEN OVALE; TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; CRYPTOGENIC STROKE; VEGETATION SIZE; RISK; FIBRILLATION; MANAGEMENT; EMBOLISM;

D O I：

10.1007/s11886-018-1085-5

中图分类号：

R5 [内科学];

学科分类号：

1002 ; 100201 ;

摘要：

Purpose of Review This review will discuss the most frequent sources of cardiac embolism and the role of echocardiography in these different clinical settings, and, in addition, provide suggestions about the choice between transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Recent Findings Stroke is the third leading cause of death in industrial countries, and 15-40% of all ischemic strokes are due to cardioembolism. TTE and TEE are cornerstones in the detection of cardioembolic sources and provide fundamental information about the embolic risk and most suitable treatment of these patients, improving long-term outcomes. Summary Echocardiography is a widely available, inexpensive, and safe diagnostic tool that is almost free from contraindication, and these elements allow the common use of this technique in almost all the patients with ischemic stroke. The most common cardioembolic sources include left atrial appendage thrombosis during atrial fibrillation; vegetations in infective endocarditis; cardiac masses including left ventricular thrombosis, cardiac tumors, etc.; atherosclerotic plaques; and passageways within the heart serving as conduits for paradoxical embolization, e.g., patent foramen ovale.

引用

页数：7