Oxidation of R- and S-omeprazole stereoselectively mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2C19 enzymes from cynomolgus monkeys and common marmosets

Racemic omeprazole has been used for clinically treating gastric acid-related diseases and also as a typical human cytochrome P450 (P450) 2C19 probe substrate in preclinical studies. S-Omeprazole has been developed as a single enantiomer medicine, which has been reported not to be associated with polymorphic human P450 2019 phenotypes. In this study, 5-hydroxylation and sulfoxidation activities, with respect to stereoselective R- and S-omeprazole oxidations by liver microsomes from experimental animals including non-human primates and humans, were investigated in vitro. Liver microsomes from humans, cynomolgus monkeys, and mice preferentially mediated R-omeprazole 5-hydroxylations, however those from marmosets, minipigs, dogs, and rats preferentially mediated S-omeprazole 5-hydroxylations. High catalytic activities were observed for recombinant human P450 2019 in Romeprazole 5-hydroxlations, cynomolgus monkey P450 2C19 in both R- and S-omeprazole 5-hydroxlations, and marmoset P450 2019 in S-omeprazole 5-hydroxlations. On the other hand, human, cynomolgus monkey, and marmoset P450 3A enzymes preferentially mediated S-omeprazole sulfoxidations. Correlation and kinetic analyses revealed a high affinity of polymorphic cynomolgus monkey and marmoset liver microsomal P450 2019 enzymes with respect to R- and S-omeprazole 5-hydroxylations, respectively, and a high capacity of cynomolgus monkey and marmoset liver microsomal P450 3A4 for omeprazole 5-hydroxylations and sulfoxidations. R- and S-omeprazole 5-hydroxylation activities in cynomolgus monkey and marmoset liver microsomes were significantly different among wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous animals genotyped for cynomolgus monkey P450 2C19 p.[(Phe100Asn; Ala103Va1; Ile1 12Leu)] and for marmoset P450 2C19 p.[(Phe7Leu; Ser254Leu; Ile469Thr)1, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate polymorphic cynomolgus monkey and marmoset P450 2C19 dependent omeprazole oxidation activities with individual variations similar to humans. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.