Development of hydroxyapatite-ciprofloxacin bone-implants using "Quality by design"

The present study deals with the development of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-ciprofloxacin bone-implants using the "Quality by design" approach. The effect of various synthesis parameters like drug amount added in the process, stirring speed and addition rate of orthophosphoric acid in the synthesis on drug concentration in the HAp-ciprofloxacin system synthesized by the precipitation technique using 2(3) factorial design was analyzed. Optimization methodology utillizing the first-order polynomial equation was used to search for optimal drug concentration in the HAp-ciprofloxacin implant system. The observed responses coincided well with the predicted values from the optimization technique. New implants were manufactured using various HAp-ciprofloxacin composites and 1.5 % (m/V) guar gum as a binder. Characterization of the delivery system was done by XRPD, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Even at highest drug concentration (76.6 +/- 0.5 %, m/m), ciprofloxacin was present in non-crystalline state. The in vitro ciprofloxacin release from various bone-implants was sustained for several weeks and the drug release pattern correlated well with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.