Endotoxemic acute renal failure is attenuated in caspase-1-deficient mice

Caspase-1-deficient (-/-) mice are protected against sepsis-induced hypotension and mortality. We investigated the role of caspase-1 and its associated cytokines in a nonhypotensive model of endotoxemic acute renal failure (ARF). Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 mg of LPS that induces endotoxemic ARF. On immunoblot analysis of whole kidney, there was an increase in caspase-1 protein in LPS-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated controls. In LPS-treated mice, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly higher in caspase-1 -/- vs. wild-type mice at 16 and 36 h after LPS. To determine the mechanism of this protection, the caspase-1-activated cytokines IL-1 beta and IL-18 were investigated. IL-1 beta and IL-18 protein were significantly increased in the kidneys of LPS- vs. vehicle-treated mice. To determine the role of these cytokines, mice were treated with recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or IL-18-neutralizing antiserum. In LPS- treated mice, GFR was not different in IL-1Ra-treated or IL-18-neutralizing antiserum-treated or combination therapy (IL-1Ra plus IL-18-neutralizing antiserum-treated) compared with control mice. In addition, tubular cell apoptosis, neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, caspase-3 activity, and calpain activity were not different between wild-type and caspase-1 -/- mice with endotoxemic ARF. In LPS- vs. vehicle-treated wild-type mice, renal IL-1 beta was significantly increased. In both LPS- and vehicle-treated caspase-1 -/- mice, renal IL-1 alpha was very low. In summary, caspase-1 -/- mice are functionally protected against endotoxemic ARF. Neutralization of IL-1 beta and IL-18 is not functionally protective. The role of the intracellular proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 alpha in endotoxemic ARF merits further study.