The absolute extinction cross-section spectrum of a single nanoparticle measured using spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS) is correlated with its transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image. The sizes of quasi-spherical particles obtained by the two methods are found to be in good quantitative agreement. The possibilities opened up by combination of these methods for precise correlation of the optical response of a nanoobject with its geometry are illustrated in the case of a pair of interacting nanoparticles (dimer).