Psychotherapy in cyberspace: A 5-dimensional model of online and computer-mediated psychotherapy

This article proposes a dimensional model for conceptualizing the various approaches to conducting psychotherapy in cyberspace, including "cybertherapy" involving the internet, local networks, and stand-alone computers. As compared to in-person therapy, computer-mediated therapy is unique in how it offers the opportunity to interact with clients via different pathways, each one having its unique pros and cons, each one involving a different type of relationship between client and therapist. The model explores the communication features of five dimensions: synchronous/asynchronous, text/sensory, actual/imaginary, automated/interpersonal, invisible/present. The various dimensional elements can be combined and sequenced in a variety of ways in order to design a therapeutic encounter that addresses the specific needs of individual clients.