Effect of Lifestyle Coaching Including Telemonitoring and Telecoaching on Gestational Weight Gain and Postnatal Weight Loss: A Systematic Review

Background: Obesity during pregnancy, excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) are associated with health risks for mothers and their offspring. Face-to-face lifestyle interventions can reduce GWG and PPWR, but they are resource-demanding and effects on long-term maternal and fetal outcomes are scarce. Objectives: To explore the existing literature about the effect of technology-supported lifestyle interventions including telemonitoring and-coaching on GWG and PPWR. Methods: PudMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE (incl. The Cochrane databases), and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant studies published since 2000. Inclusion criteria were: lifestyle interventions to optimize GWG or PPWR with at least mobile applications or websites, focusing on physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE), and/or psychological well-being, including self-monitoring with telemonitoring and telecoaching. Results: The technology-supported interventions in seven study protocols and four pilot studies differed in terms of the used behavior change models, their focus on different lifestyle issues, and their intervention components for telemonitoring and telecoaching. Technology-supported interventions including telemonitoring and coaching can optimize GWG and PPWR, although not all results are significant. Effects on PA and HE are inconsistent. Conclusions: Technology-supported lifestyle interventions might affect GWG and PPWR, but more research is needed to examine the effectiveness, the usability, and the critical features of these interventions.